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Given by His
Holiness Pope Pius X
November 18, 1907
Motu proprio of Our Most Holy Lord Pius X., by Divine Providence Pope, on
the decisions of the Pontifical Commission on the Bible and on the censures
and penalties against those who neglect to observe the prescriptions against
the errors of the modernists:
In his encyclical letter "Providentissimus Deus," given on November 18, 1893,
our predecessor, Leo XIII, of immortal memory, after describing the dignity
of Sacred Scripture and commending the study of it, set forth the laws which
govern the proper study of the Holy Bible; and having proclaimed the divinity
of these books against the errors and calumnies of the rationalists, he at
the same time defended them against the false teachings of what is known
as the higher criticism, which, as the Pontiff most wisely wrote, are clearly
nothing but the commentaries of rationalism derived from a misuse of philology
and kindred studies. Our predecessor, too, seeing that the danger was constantly
on the increase and wishing to prevent the propagation of rash and erroneous
views, by his apostolic letters "Vigilantes studiique memores," given on
October 30, 1902, established a Pontifical Council or Commission on Biblical
matters, composed of several Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church distinguished
for their learning and wisdom, to which Commission were added as consulters
a number of men in sacred orders chosen from among the learned in theology
and in the Holy Bible, of various nationalities and differing in their methods
and views concerning exegetical studies. In so doing the Pontiff had in mind
as an advantage most adapted for the promotion of study and for the time
in which we live that in this Commission there should be the fullest freedom
for proposing, examining and judging all opinions whatsoever, and that the
Cardinals of the Commission were not to reach any definite decision, as described
in the said apostolic letters, before they had examined the arguments in
favor and against the question to be decided, omitting nothing which might
serve to show in the clearest light the true and genuine state of the Biblical
questions under discussion. Only after all this had been done were the decisions
reached to be submitted for the approval of the Supreme Pontiff and then
promulgated.
After mature examination and the most diligent deliberations the Pontifical
Biblical Commission has happily given certain decisions of a very useful
kind for the proper promotion and direction on safe lines of Biblical studies.
But we observe that some persons, unduly prone to opinions and methods tainted
by pernicious novelties and excessively devoted to the principle of false
liberty, which is really immoderate license and in sacred studies proves
itself to be a most insidious and a fruitful source of the worst evils against
the purity of the faith, have not received and do not receive these decisions
with the proper obedience.
Wherefore we find it necessary to declare and to expressly prescribe, and
by this our act we do declare and decree that all are bound in conscience
to submit to the decisions of the Biblical Commission relating to doctrine,
which have been given in the past and which shall be given in the future,
in the same way as to the decrees of the Roman congregations approved by
the Pontiff; nor can all those escape the note of disobedience or temerity,
and consequently of grave sin, who in speech or writing contradict such
decisions, and this besides the scandal they give and the other reasons for
which they may be responsible before God for other temerities and errors
which generally go with such contradictions.
Moreover, in order to check the daily increasing audacity of many modernists
who are endeavoring by all kinds of sophistry and devices to detract from
the force and efficacy not only of the decree "Lamentabili sane exitu" (the
so-called Syllabus), issued by our order by the Holy Roman and Universal
Inquisition on July 3 of the present year, but also of our encyclical letters
"Pascendi dominici gregis" given on September 8 of this same year, we do
by our apostolic authority repeat and confirm both that decree of the Supreme
Sacred Congregation and those encyclical letters of ours, adding the penalty
of excommunication against their contradictors, and this we declare and decree
that should anybody, which may God forbid, be so rash as to defend any one
of the propositions, opinions or teachings condemned in these documents he
falls, ipso facto, under the censure contained under the chapter "Docentes"
of the constitution "Apostolicae Sedis," which is the first among the
excommunications latae sententiae, simply reserved to the Roman Pontiff.
This excommunication is to be understood as salvis poenis, which may be incurred
by those who have violated in any way the said documents, as propagators
and defenders of heresies, when their propositions, opinions and teachings
are heretical, as has happened more than once in the case of the adversaries
of both these documents, especially when they advocate the errors of the
modernists that is, the synthesis of all heresies.
Wherefore we again and most earnestly exhort the ordinaries of the dioceses
and the heads of religious congregations to use the utmost vigilance over
teachers, and first of all in the seminaries; and should they find any of
them imbued with the errors of the modernists and eager for what is new and
noxious, or lacking in docility to the prescriptions of the Apostolic See,
in whatsoever way published, let them absolutely forbid the teaching office
to such; so, too, let them exclude from sacred orders those young men who
give the very faintest reason for doubt that they favor condemned doctrines
and pernicious novelties. We exhort them also to take diligent care to put
an end to those books and other writings, now growing exceedingly numerous,
which contain opinions or tendencies of the kind condemned in the encyclical
letters and decree above mentioned; let them see to it that these publications
are removed from Catholic publishing houses, and especially from the hands
of students and the clergy. By doing this they will at the same time be promoting
real and solid education, which should always be a subject of the greatest
solicitude for those who exercise sacred authority.
All these things we will and order to be sanctioned and established by our
apostolic authority, aught to the contrary notwithstanding.
Given at Rome in Saint Peter's, the 18th November, 1907, the fifth year of
our Pontificate.
Pius PP. X.
Website Editor's Note: Note that the old Pontifical Biblical Commission
was considered magisterial; the present Commission is not, as is admitted
to by Cardinal Ratzinger, who clearly states in a preface to the 1994 document
"The Interpretation of the Bible in the Church" that (my emphasis) "The
Pontifical Biblical Commission, in its new form after the Second Vatican
Council, is not an organ of the teaching office, but rather a commission
of scholars who, in their scientific and ecclesial responsibility as believing
exegetes, take positions on important problems of Scriptural interpretation
and know that for this task they enjoy the confidence of the teaching
office."
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