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The seven "O Antiphons"
(also called the "Greater Antiphons" or "Major Antiphons") are prayers that
come from the Breviary's Vespers during the Octave before Christmas
Eve, a time which is called the "Golden Nights."
Each Antiphon begins with "O" and addresses Jesus with a unique title which
comes from the prophecies of Isaias and Micheas (Micah), and whose initials,
when read backwards, form an acrostic for the Latin "Ero Cras" which means
"Tomorrow I come." Those titles for Christ are:
Sapientia
Adonai
Radix Jesse
Clavis David
Oriens
Rex Gentium
Emmanuel
These glorious
titles in more detail:
Title: |
Meaning: |
Old Testament
prophetic verses: |
Sapientia |
Wisdom |
Isaias 11:2-3
And the spirit of the Lord shall rest upon him: the spirit of wisdom, and
of understanding, the spirit of counsel, and of fortitude, the spirit of
knowledge, and of godliness. And he shall be filled with the spirit of the
fear of the Lord, He shall not judge according to the sight of the eyes,
nor reprove according to the hearing of the ears.
Isaias 28:29
This also is come forth from the Lord God of hosts, to make his counsel
wonderful, and magnify justice. |
Adonai |
Lord of Israel |
Isaias 11:4-5
But he shall judge the poor with justice, and shall reprove with equity the
meek of the earth: and he shall strike the earth with the rod of his mouth,
and with the breath of his lips he shall slay the wicked. And justice shall
be the girdle of his loins: and faith the girdle of his reins.
Isaias 33:22
For the Lord is our judge, the Lord is our lawgiver, the Lord is our king:
he will save us. |
Radix Jesse |
Root of Jesse |
Isaias 11:1
And there shall come forth a rod out of the root of Jesse, and a flower shall
rise up out of his root.
Isaias 11:10
In that day the root of Jesse, who standeth for an ensign of the people,
him the Gentiles shall beseech, and his sepulchre shall be glorious.
Micheas 5:1
Now shalt thou be laid waste, O daughter of the robber: they have laid siege
against us, with a rod shall they strike the cheek of the judge of Israel.
Romans 15:8-13
For I say that Christ Jesus was minister of the circumcision for the truth
of God, to confirm the promises made unto the fathers. But that the Gentiles
are to glorify God for his mercy, as it is written: Therefore will I confess
to thee, O Lord, among the Gentiles, and will sing to thy name. And again
he saith: Rejoice, ye Gentiles, with his people. And again: Praise the Lord,
all ye Gentiles; and magnify him, all ye people. And again Isaias saith:
There shall be a root of Jesse; and he that shall rise up to rule the Gentiles,
in him the Gentiles shall hope. Now the God of hope fill you with all joy
and peace in believing; that you may abound in hope, and in the power of
the Holy Ghost.
Apocalypse 5:1-5
And I saw in the right hand of him that sat on the throne, a book written
within and without, sealed with seven seals. And I saw a strong angel,
proclaiming with a loud voice: Who is worthy to open the book, and to loose
the seals thereof? And no man was able, neither in heaven, nor on earth,
nor under the earth, to open the book, nor to look on it. And I wept much,
because no man was found worthy to open the book, nor to see it. And one
of the ancients said to me: Weep not; behold the lion of the tribe of Juda,
the root of David, hath prevailed to open the book, and to loose the seven
seals thereof. |
Clavis David |
Key of David |
Isaias 22:22
And I will lay the key of the house of David upon his shoulder: and he shall
open, and none shall shut: and he shall shut, and none shall open.
Isaias 9:6
For a child is born to us, and a son is given to us, and the government is
upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, God
the Mighty, the Father of the world to come, the Prince of Peace. |
Oriens |
Radiant Dawn,
Dayspring |
Isaias 9:2
The people that walked in darkness, have seen a great light: to them that
dwelt in the region of the shadow of death, light is risen. |
Rex Gentium |
King of all Nations,
King of the Gentiles |
Isaias 9:7
His empire shall be multiplied, and there shall be no end of peace: he shall
sit upon the throne of David, and upon his kingdom; to establish it and
strengthen it with judgment and with justice, from henceforth and for ever:
the zeal of the Lord of hosts will perform this.
Isaias 2:4
And he shall judge the Gentiles, and rebuke many people: and they shall turn
their swords into ploughshares, and their spears into sickles: nation shall
not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they be exercised any more
to war. |
Emmanuel |
God with us |
Isaias 7:14
Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign. Behold a virgin shall conceive,
and bear a son and his name shall be called Emmanuel. |
Below are the O Antiphons in both English and Latin. One is prayed each evening
at Vespers time (around sunset), and families can make up their own ceremonies
using the Antiphons, Scripture, by singing or listening to sacred music
(especially "O Come, Emmanuel," see below), adding to their
Jesse Trees, etc. Whatever you do, set
the scene, as you should with all Catholic family devotions: burn incense,
lower the lights, light candles, use sacred music at appropriate times,
meaningful symbols, etc.
To pray the O Antiphons as they are prayed in the Divine Office, begin with
the Antiphon, then pray the Magnificat (included below), then repeat the
Antiphon.
It would be wonderful if perhaps one parent can chant, or at least read,
the Antiphons in Latin, with the second parent reading them in the vernacular
afterwards. To hear them chanted (MP3 files),
1 click the speaker icon; to see the
musical notation, click the musical note.
December
17 |
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Wisdom that comest
out of the mouth of the Most High, that reachest from one end to another,
and orderest all things mightily and sweetly, come to teach us the way of
prudence!
Latin
 
O Sapientia, quæ ex ore Altissimi prodiisti, attingens a fine usque
ad finem, fortiter suaviterque disponens omnia: veni ad docendum nos viam
prudentiæ.
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December
18 |
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Adonai, and Ruler
of the house of Israel, Who didst appear unto Moses in the burning bush,
and gavest him the law in Sinai, come to redeem us with an outstretched arm!
Latin
O Adonai, et Dux domus Israel, qui Moysi in igne flammæ rubi apparuisti,
et ei in Sina legem dedisti: veni ad redimendum nos in brachio extento.
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December
19 |
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Root of Jesse,
which standest for an ensign of the people, at Whom the kings shall shut
their mouths, Whom the Gentiles shall seek, come to deliver us, do not tarry.
Latin
O Radix Jesse, qui stas in signum populorum, super quem continebunt reges
os suum, quem Gentes deprecabuntur: veni ad liberandum nos, jam noli tardare.
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December
20 |
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Key of David, and
Sceptre of the house of Israel, that openeth and no man shutteth, and shutteth
and no man openeth, come to liberate the prisoner from the prison, and them
that sit in darkness, and in the shadow of death.
Latin
O Clavis David, et sceptrum domus Israel; qui aperis, et nemo claudit; claudis,
et nemo aperit: veni, et educ vinctum de domo carceris, sedentem in tenebris,
et umbra mortis.
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December
21 |
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Dayspring, Brightness
of the everlasting light, Son of justice, come to give light to them that
sit in darkness and in the shadow of death!
Latin
O Oriens, splendor lucis æternæ, et sol justitiæ: veni,
et illumina sedentes in tenebris, et umbra mortis.
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December
22 |
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King of the Gentiles,
yea, and desire thereof! O Corner-stone, that makest of two one, come to
save man, whom Thou hast made out of the dust of the earth!
Latin
O Rex Gentium, et desideratus earum, lapisque angularis, qui facis utraque
unum: veni, et salva hominem, quem de limo formasti.
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My Soul Doth
Magnify the Lord / Magnificat
My soul doth magnify
the Lord, and my spirit hath rejoiced in God my Savior. For He hath regarded
the humility of His handmaiden.
For behold, from henceforth all generations shall call me blessed. For He
that is mighty hath done great things to me, and holy is His Name. And His
Mercy is from generation unto generations upon them that fear Him.
He hath shewed might in His arm, He hath scattered the proud in the conceit
of their heart. He hath put down the mighty from their seat, and hath exalted
the humble. He hath filled the hungry with good things, and the rich He hath
sent empty away.
He hath received Israel, His servant, being mindful of His mercy. As He spoke
to our Fathers, Abraham and His seed forever. |
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Magnificat anima
mea Dominum, et exultavit spiritus meus in Deo salvatore meo, quia respexit
humilitatem ancillae suae.
Ecce enim ex hoc beatam me dicent omnes generationes, quia fecit mihi magna,
qui potens est, et sanctum Nomen eius, et misericordia eius in progenies
et progenies timentibus eum.
Fecit potentiam in brachio suo, dispersit superbos mente cordi sui; deposuit
potentes de sede et exaltavit humiles; esurientes implevit bonis et divites
dimisit inanes.
Suscepit Israel puerum suum, recordatus misericordiae, sicut locutus est
ad patres nostros, Abraham et semini eius in saecula.
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The O Antiphons
are the source of the lyrics of the Advent song "Veni, veni Emmanuel" ("Come,
O come Emmanuel") which you can hear by clicking here. It would be
beautiful for the family to sing this lovely Advent song at the
conclusion of the O Antipons. For the lyrics, see the Lyrics and Melodies to Traditional Catholic Hymns
page.
To download the O Antiphons and Magnificat, in both English and Latin, for
use in your home, click here for a 2-page Microsoft
Word document that has all you need.
Credits:
1 The MP3 files come from Father Jim Tucker ("Don
Jim"), of the blog
"Dappled Things"
(will open in new browser window).
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